GEOG 500
GEOGRAPHIC THEORY
Theoretical foundations of modern geography.

GEOG 502
GIS AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Begins with the fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), including data structures, sources, acquisition, manipulation and presentation. Spatial analysis techniques for both vector and raster data structures are explored within a context of practical applications. Prerequisites: GEOG 360.

GEOG 503
SPECIAL TOPICS GIS IN VISUAL BASIC-
Explores the use of map objects in a Visual Basic environment for the purpose of creating mapping output and conducting spatial analysis in a Windows environment. Prerequisites: GEOG 502 or equivalent.
2 cr.

GEOG 505
ADVANCED AIR PHOTO INTERPRETATION
Advanced photogrammetry, manual, semiautomatic and automatic photo interpretation techniques; their applications in urban and natural resources analysis.

GEOG 508
URBAN PLANNING SEMINAR I
Basic theory and techniques used in urban and regional planning analysis. Topics for papers include population analysis and forecasting, uses of planning data, regional analysis and balances, labor force policies, role of models in planning and cost-benefit analysis.

GEOG 509
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Historical and contemporary examination of geographic, environmental, cultural and economic factors relating to natural resource use and management. Effective conservation of biota and of resources such as minerals, soils and water; policy goals; global and local control. Conservation policy, practice and theory. Prerequisites: any one of GEOG 121, 221, 232, BIOL 104, or 373, or ENVI 101 and 201, or consent of instructor.

GEOG 511 (also GEOL 511).
ADVANCED GEOMORPHOLOGY I: FLUVIAL
Application of surface processes in solving problems of environmental and human significance. Emphasizes a case-study approach, using examples of effects from landslides, surface hydrology, coastal zone preferences, subsidence.
fall

GEOG 512 (also GEOL 512).
ADVANCED GEOMORPHOLOGY II -GLACIAL
Historical and geological importance of glaciation periods. Analysis of vast landform changes created by glacial, periglacial, glaciofluvial processes. Reference paper, independent study project, field trips. Two lectures, one three-hour laboratory per week.
every other spring

GEOG 516 (also GEOL 516).
HYDROGEOLOGY
A survey of hydrogeology: hydrologic cycle; properties of rocks and soils; fluid flow in porous media (Darcy's Law, diffusion equation); hydrological boundary conditions, numerical techniques; groundwater chemistry; case studies. Prerequisites: calculus and introductory geology, or consent of instructor.
spring

GEOG 518
LEGAL ASPECTS OF PLANNING
Administrative structures of planning systems at local, state and federal levels. Particular administrative and legal relationships that apply to major programs such as federal housing, urban renewal, state financing, local zoning, etc.

GEOG 522
BIOGEOGRAPHY
Interrelationships between physical geography and ecology. Study and explanation of distribution patterns of living organisms.

GEOG 523
SOILS AND ENVIRONMENT
Study of basic properties of soils and pedogenic processes operating in environments. Survey of major types of soils and their world distributions, uses of soils, their basis of land capability assessment. Material presented in a structured modular format, highlighting the complexity of soils, their interaction with physical and environmental systems. Local field trips consist of examining and mapping soil development, collecting field measurements and samples, and performing mechanical and chemical tests.

GEOG 530
NATURAL HAZARDS
Analysis of physical, geographic, political and perceptual aspects of natural hazards. Evaluation of physical environments in which natural hazards occur, land use and development patterns in hazardous areas, tools and methods for evaluating hazardousness and vulnerability. Prerequisites: GEOG 121 or ENVI 201.

GEOG 531
ADVANCED GEOGRAPHIC FIELD STUDY
Application of field research techniques in geography to analysis and evaluation of human use of physical environment. Field research problems requiring reconnaissance, intensive and multiple data gathering techniques, quantitative and non-quantitative analytic methods. Written research reports.

GEOG 532
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Remote electromagnetic sensing, including photographic infrared and radar imagery. Geographic research through manual and automated analysis of physical and cultural data. Prerequisites: consent of instructor.

GEOG 533
ADVANCED STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR GEOGRAPHIC AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS I
Multivariate analysis that includes correlation and regression analysis, analysis of variance, chi-square tests. Prerequisites: introductory course in statistics.

GEOG 535
URBAN PLANNING SEMINAR II
Planning commercial development, industrial location planning, planning housing development, public and private sectors, planning reorganization of public services, transportation, urban renewal and zoning. Prerequisites: GEOG 508.

GEOG 536
LAND USE ANALYSIS
Analysis of urban, suburban and rural land and water use as basis for spatial planning, resource and environmental management. Application of remote sensing, air photo interpretation, surveying, field techniques, other tools to land use problems. Classification methods and cartographic representation. Field experience. Prerequisites: prior or concurrent courses in physical, economic and urban geography and remote sensing.

GEOG 542
WATER RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Hydrologic, engineering, economic, ecological and institutional aspects of water planning and management. Urban industrial water quality, flood plain management and river basin planning. Governmental and private water decision-making systems and processes.

GEOG 544
SAMPLING AND MEASUREMENT OF ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Field measurement, variable selection, numerical taxonomy, computer mapping of physical land systems. Sampling techniques, variable ordination and coding, measurement procedures, data bank structure and retrieval, variable association, clustering and computer mapping of soils, topography, vegetation and micro climate. Prerequisites: GEOG 501 or consent of instructor.

GEOG 545
ADVANCED GIS AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Focuses on theoretical and applied issues in desktop Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The data acquisition, portrayal and analysis functions of GIS are explored through research topics. Desktop, ArcGIS is used for laboratory and project assignments. Prerequisites: GEOG 360 and 502, consent of instructor. Limited to geography students.

GEOG 546
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND HEALTH
Introduction to issues, concepts and analytical tools associated with assessment and management of environmental health hazards. Emphasis is on the geography of health hazards that originate from anthropogenic sources in our environment. Spatial analytical techniques are used to delineate the pattern and distribution of these hazards, the disparate risks and health outcomes across population subgroups in the United States. Prerequisites: any of the following or equivalents: GEOG 503, 533, 523, 530, 576.

GEOG 550
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Systematic study of measuring data recorded on photographs; geometric relationship between physical objects and their images. Geometry of aerial photography, its relationship with terrain height, depression angle, flight height, other camera parameters. Emphasis on numerical solutions rather than instrument solutions. Relationship with modern remote sensing, traditional photo interpretation. Available to undergraduates by petition.

GEOG 552
POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
The dynamic processes of population change (fertility, mortality and migration) and the resultant change in population and distribution are examined at the local, national and global scales. In addition to a substantive study of these topics, students are introduced to the use of primary data sources for demographic description and policy recommendation.

GEOG 555
SEMINAR IN GIS RESEARCH
Emerging theories of Geographical Information Systems (GIS); GIS and the quantitative revolution; policy issues of GIS; increasing role of GIS in society; issues of mathematical examination of spatial analysis and GIS; advanced and new research areas; diffusion of GIS and component areas across world; GIS and educational training.

GEOG 566
ADVANCED STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR GEOGRAPHIC AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS II
Advanced variance analysis, covariance analysis, future analysis, survey sampling techniques.

GEOG 569
ADVANCED CARTOGRAPHY
Mapping and analyzing the statistical surface. Effect of class interval systems and interpolating schemes on choropleth and isopleth maps. Map perception. Automatic pattern recognition. Prerequisites: GEOG 261.

GEOG 573
SEMINAR IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Processes shaping physical environmental base for human use. Techniques of sampling and inventorying aspects of soils and climate. Students prepare climatic and soil maps both at micro and macro scales, perform mechanical analyses of soils, use both heat and water budgets quantitatively. Prerequisites: physical geography.

GEOG 574
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY SEMINAR
Intensive study of selected problems in economic geography.

GEOG 575
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Decision-making methods used by administrators of public agencies concerned with environmental issues. Public policy objectives and administration; alternative environmental management systems; implications of alternative methods of control; applied administrative methods for directing operations.

GEOG 576
ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
An analytical examination of selected environmental problems and issues. Fundamental aspects of planning including research design, analysis and implementation of environmental policies are covered.

GEOG 577
ANALYSIS IN RETAIL GEOGRAPHY
Involves applied research strategies and the use of key data sources that support retail research. Methods of analysis applicable in market selection decision making are examined. Some simple models for site selection analysis and store location analysis using multivariate statistics are introduced.

GEOG 581
SPECIAL TOPICS - GEOGRAPHY
Design and execution of a contemporaryurban/environmental/policy/cartography and GIS research problem. Requires directed reading, discussion in seminar format and written analysis and/or laboratory.

GEOG 591
SEMINAR IN TEACHING METHODS IN GEOGRAPHY
Philosophy of teaching, course preparation and presentation, source materials, tools, problems associated with college teaching. Graduate students only. One hour per week, one credit hour.
1-4 cr.

GEOG 595
RESEARCH AND COLLOQUIUM
Geography faculty provides topic(s); research team of faculty and students completes project and presents findings in geography colloquium series. Examination and attempted solution of geographical problems that exist in Binghamton Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). Applied problems include monitoring of environmental systems, transportation planning and urban planning. Students apply geographical and planning theory and techniques obtained in other courses and work closely with faculty members. Community experts invited to participate where appropriate.

GEOG 597
INDEPENDENT STUDY
var. cr.

GEOG 598
INTERNSHIP IN GEOGRAPHY - CARTOGRAPHY AND PLANNING
One formal meeting per week with instructor, plus eight hours of interning in an agency. Students undertake real-world problems approved by agency and faculty member. Evaluation on basis of project performance at agency, judged by agency sponsor and faculty. Consent of instructor required.

GEOG 599
THESIS RESEARCH
1-4 cr.

GEOG 700
CONTINUOUS REGISTRATION
Required for maintenance of matriculated status in graduate program. No credit toward graduate degree requirements.
1 cr./sem.

GEOG 707
RESEARCH SKILLS
Development of research skills required within graduate programs. May not be applied toward course credits for any graduate degree. Prerequisites: approval of relevant graduate program directors or department chairs.
1-4 cr.