Note: None of these courses may count toward the major.

GEOG 101
INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY: PEOPLE, LAND AND SPACE
Introduction to the major subfields of geography using maps and spatial data at local, regional and global scales. Issues of global significance are examined by comparing and contrasting the experience of core regions, such as Europe and the United States, to other world regions. Topics include realms of evolution and cultural exchange, biotic regions, global climate change, world population patterns and trends, migration flows, global cities and economic development. Not open to seniors.

GEOG 103
MULTICULTURAL GEOGRAPHIES OF THE U.S.
Overview of historical and contemporary patterns of multicultural geography within the U.S. Provides students an understanding of the evolution of several American subcultures (white European, Latino, Asian and black) through the prism of geography, both in broad context and in separate analyses of socio-economic well-being, housing and healthcare differences over time and between racial/ethnic groups. The student is constantly reminded of the question: How do race/ethnicity, the political economy and degree of opportunity affect where and how well people live? Students learn to better understand patterns of the past and of today from a geographic perspective. For majors and non-majors. Not open to seniors.

GEOG 120
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
A systematic study of processes that govern variations in atmospheric conditions over time and space. Elements of heat exchange, moisture exchange and dynamics of air movement examined in relation to causes for various climatic patterns on earth. Elements of applied climatology related to specific problems such as irrigation needs, wind erosion of soils, acid rain, water pollution, flood and storm prediction.

GEOG 151
WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
The world is partitioned into major regions or realms for comparison. The geographic similarities and differences between them are examined. The central theme is the interrelationship among nature, society and location. The roles of human institutions and how they vary and affect each other across the world are discussed.

GEOG 211
CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY: SOCIETY, ENVIRONMENT AND CHANGE
Ecological/spatial expressions and processes of culture. Interrelationship between human and physical environments.

GEOG 212
HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES
Outline of the changes in the American landscape over time as a result of interactions of peoples and cultures with each other and with environment. Three themes are stressed; cultural diversity; human-environment relationships; and organization of space in differing cultural/political economic systems.

GEOG 259 (also AAAS 259 and MDVL 270J).
EASTERN ASIA: LAND AND PEOPLE
Broad introduction of geography of East Asia from a global interdependency perspective. Six topics examined in terms of interaction between East Asia and the West: U.S., the New World and the West place-name system; agricultural regions, Buddhism in China, East Asian practices in Western medicine, formation of post-Columbian East Asia; religion, democracy, communism and fascism.

GEOG 357
GEOGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE EAST
Physical, environmental, social, historical and regional geography of the Middle East. Emphasis on the diversity of people in the region and their interactions with environment, with each other and with the people of other regions, both historically and today. Introductory Urban/Economic/Retail Planning

GEOG 232
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
Spatial patterns of economic activity. Relationship of land use to spatially variable environmental factors. Introduction to location theory. Resource management problems. Environmental consequences of production processes and population growth.

GEOG 233
URBAN GEOGRAPHY: RACE AND PLACE
Urban America has evolved within the context of European influences and unique processes related to American geography, technology and institutions - economic, political, legal and social. These forces, combined with America's racial/ethnic populations, have produced unique American urban landscapes and racial problems in various periods of American history, as well as in the contemporary urban scene. This course examines specific technology and institutions that played pivotal roles in the evolution of American racial geography. Hispanic American, African American, Asian American and European American cultures are examined.

GEOG 234
URBAN GEOGRAPHY: GLOBAL LINKAGES
The relevant debates concerning globalization and its urban linkages are examined. Sharpens the definition of globalization from a vaguely defined general process to a more precise threefold division of economic, cultural and political globalization. The connections among these three elements, the linkages between cities on several continents and the transformation of urban space are of key concern.

GEOG 235
INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Global evolution of urban and regional planning, from the inception of urbanization to the present. Co-evolution of city design and planning in the Occidental world and its diffusion to the non-Occidental world in recent times. Theoretical and practical aspects.

GEOG 121
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Introduces the student to physical elements on Earth. Topics include weather and climate, land forms, soil and vegetation. Specific global problems of physical environment are discussed (examples: erosion, greenhouse warming). For majors and non-majors.

GEOG 221
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF GLOBAL CHANGE
The major terrestrial biomes, their relationships to climate and soils, and effects of trophic interactions, climate change and humans on vegetation dynamics and species diversity. Constraints on human use of environment. Scientific methods for studying, predicting and mitigating global change. Two lectures and one laboratory per week.

GEOG 222 (also GEOL 211).
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES
Sculpting of Earth's crust by exogenic forces, integration of classical and modern views in analysis of erosional and depositions landforms. Laboratory and field exercises; independent study. Three lectures, one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: GEOG 121 or introductory geology.

GEOG 323 (also ENVI 323).
SOILS: PROPERTIES, PROCESSES AND DISTRIBUTION
Morphological properties of soils as natural bodies, factors in processes of development, role in natural ecosystems; and systems of classification at topographic, regional and global scales. Soil fertility and its role in land use. Prerequisites: GEOG 121 or equivalent.

GEOG 330 (also ENVI 330).
NATURAL HAZARDS
Analysis of physical, geographic, political and perceptual aspects of natural hazards. Evaluation of physical environments in which natural hazards occur, land use and development patterns in hazardous areas, tools and methods for evaluating hazardousness and vulnerability. Prerequisites: GEOG 121 or ENVI 201; junior or senior standing.

GEOG 337
NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION: THEORY, POLICIES AND PRACTICES
Historical and contemporary examination of geographic, economic, environmental, cultural and economic factors relating to natural resource use and management. Effective conservation of biota and of resources such as minerals, soils and water; policy goals; global and local control. Conservation policy practice and theory. Prerequisites: any one of GEOG 121, 221, 232, BIOL 104, or 373, or ENVI 101 and 201, or consent of instructor.

GEOG 339 (also ENVI 339).
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Geographic, environmental, economic and cultural determinants of resource management. Policy goals and decision-making elements influencing management of environmental and natural resources. Management policy, practice and theory. Prerequisites: any one of GEOG 121, 232, 233 or 235, or ENVI 101 and 201.

GEOG 341
WATER RESOURCE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Role of water in environmental planning. Hydrologic, engineering, economic, ecological and institutional aspects of water management. Runoff models. Flood hazard analysis. Water supply systems. Water quality management. Drainage basins as planning units. Field trips; research reports.

GEOG 421
ADVANCED PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY SEMINAR
Detailed study of selected aspects of landforms, climates, soils. Field measurement techniques, qualitative record analysis and interpretation. Prerequisites: GEOG 121 or GEOL 111, 113 or 211.

GEOG 422 (also BIOL 459).
BIOGEOGRAPHY
Ecological principles applied to the study of past, present and future distribution patterns of living organisms. Effects of Earth history, spatial pattern, plate tectonics, climate and climate change and human impacts on biota. Prerequisites: GEOG 121 and/or an ecology course.

GEOG 476
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
Problem-solving skills in environmental management based on research design, spatial analysis and modeling. Topics include hazards and risk management; attitudinal and behavior analysis; waste management; environmental equity; and valuation of environmental goods. Prerequisites: any one of GEOG 121, 235, 337, 339 or ENVI 101, 201; junior standing.

GEOG 333
RETAIL GEOGRAPHY
Examines the evolution of retail structure and the processes of retail location and strategy as consequences of urban changes in the United States. Techniques and methods of retail location decision making, including those for store siting and trade area determination, are employed. Discussion of models and their applications is reinforced by practical assignments that involve field data collection and analysis.

GEOG 335
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF PLANNING
Applications of legislative action, administrative rules and regulations, court decisions to urban and regional planning issues. Specific legislative acts, their administration; particular major cases to develop basic techniques of legal research. Prerequisites: one urban geography course.

GEOG 345
URBAN PLANNING ANALYSIS I
Basic analytical methods used by urban and regional planners. New conceptions of functions of urban areas, population analysis and forecasting, industrial location and methods for attracting firms, commercial growth, the housing sector. Prerequisites: any one of GEOG 232, 233, 235 or ECON 360 or 362.

GEOG 352
POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
The dynamic processes of population change (fertility, mortality, and migration) and the resultant change in population and distribution are examined at the local, national and global scales. In addition to a substantive study of these topics, students are introduced to the use of primary data sources for demographic description and policy recommendation.

GEOG 445
URBAN PLANNING ANALYSIS II
Continuation of study of analytical techniques introduced in GEOG 345. Urban renewal, reorganization of local services, planning for leisure and recreation, transportation, zoning, overall plan and methods of evaluation. Prerequisites: GEOG 345.

GEOG 481
SPECIAL TOPICS GEOGRAPHY
Special urban research topics.

GEOG 360
INTRODUCTION TO GIS AND CARTOGRAPHY
Map compilation, map design and reproduction. Cartographic methods for mapping discontinuous and continuous areal data.

GEOG 361
INTRODUCTION TO RASTER GIS AND GPS
Begins with image interpretation and elementary photogrammetry (air photos and satellite images). Proceeds to digital image processing, raster data set construction from images and, finally, raster analysis techniques and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

GEOG 463
GIS AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Begins with the fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), including data structures, sources, acquisition, manipulation and presentation. Spatial analysis techniques for both vector and raster data structures are explored within a context of practical applications. Prerequisites: GEOG 360 and declaration of a major or minor in geography.

GEOG 465
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Fundamentals of remote sensing, various satellites and methods of data acquisition and processing, applications in land use mapping. Prerequisites: GEOG 361 or consent of instructor.

GEOG 495
INTERNSHIP IN GEOGRAPHY: PLANNING
Internship in agencies such as planning and engineering departments, consulting firms. Prerequisites: two upper-level geography courses and consent of instructor.
var. cr.

GEOG 497
INDEPENDENT STUDY
Meets special needs and interests of advanced students on tutorial or seminar basis. Prerequisites: consent of instructor and department chair.
var. cr.

GEOG 499
HONORS THESIS
var. cr.